| Jamshid Nakhichevanski | |
|---|---|
Comdiv Jamshid Nakhichevanski |
|
| Born | August 23, 1895 Nakhichevan, Erivan Governorate |
| Died | August 26, 1938 (aged 43) Moscow, Russian SFSR |
| Allegiance | Imperial Russian Army, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, USSR |
| Rank | Combrig |
| Battles/wars | Armenian–Azerbaijani War, Battle of Baku, World War I |
| Awards | Order of the Red Banner of Labour, Order of Saint Stanislaus (2nd and 3rd degrees), Order of St. Anna, Cross of St. George (4th degree) |
Jamshid Jafarqulu oglu Nakhichevanski (Azerbaijani: Cəmşid Cəfərqulu oğlu Naxçıvanski; August 23, 1895 - August 26, 1938), also known as Jamshid Khan Nakhichevanski, was a Russian Imperial, Azerbaijani and Soviet military commander. He rose to the rank of Combrig (equivalent to Brigadier General) in the Soviet army, .
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Jamshid Nakhichevanski was born to the family of retired Russian Imperial Rittmeister Jafarqulu Khan Nakhichevanski who was the brother of General Adjutant Huseyn Khan Nakhichevanski.[1] Nakhichevanskis came from roots of Kangarli Oghuz Turks tribes descendants of which ruled the Nakhichevan Khanate. At the age of seven, his mother Farrantaj-hanim taught him to write in Azerbaijani and his nanny taught him Russian and French. In 1904, he was admitted to Tiflis Cadet Corps graduating in 1911.
On August 30, 1914 he started his service as junker of Yelizavetgrad Cavalry School. Having graduated the four month 1st-grade intensive course, he was appointed praporshchik and assigned to Azerbaijani reserve cavalry regiment of the Caucasian Native Mounted Division which was formed from Muslim volunteers from Caucasus and Transcaucasus. On June 14, 1915 Jamshid Khan was transferred to the regiment and on August 22 he was promoted to the rank of Cornet. On February 14, 1916 he was awarded with his first military award of Order of Saint Anna of 4th degree.[2] On 26 January 1917 Jamshid Khan was decorated with St. George sword for defeating the enemy and leading a cavalry attack, despite being wounded twice.[3] In March 1917, Jamshid Khan was awarded with Order of Saint Stanislaus of 2nd degree for his bravery on Romanian front. On April 15 he was awarded with Order of St. Anna of the 3rd degree and on August 22 with Cross of St. George of 4th degree.[4]
On October 30, 1917, Nakhichevanski was conferred the rank of stabs-rittmeister, and his regiment was made a part of the Russian Caucasus Army and relocated to the Caucasus. At the end of 1917, at Special Transcaucasian Committee orders, formation of Muslim (Azerbaijani) Corps under Lieutenant General Ali-Agha Shikhlinski's command began.
By end of May 1918, the establishment of corps was completed. After declaration of independence of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic on June 26, 1918 the corpus was transferred to Azerbaijani Army corps. In July 1918, the corps dissolved and were partially integrated with newly arrived Turkish 5th Caucasian and 15th Chanahkala divisions and newly formed Caucasian army of Islam led by Nuru Pasha. During the battles in the outskirts of Goychay on June 27 - July 1, 1918 the Army of Islam destroyed the 1st Caucasian corps of the Red Army. Jamshid Khan took part in the Battle of Baku against the Centrocaspian Dictatorship and Armenian Dashnaks. Baku was liberated on September 15, 1918.
In the Azerbaijani Army, Jamshid Khan was the commander of the 1st company of 1st Azerbaijani regiment and assistant to regiment commander. On March 24, 1920 Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Samad bey Mehmandarov appointed Lieutenant Colonel Jamshid Khan Commander of 2nd Karabakh cavalry regiment.[5] While in Karabakh he participated in liberation of Shusha.[6]
After establishment of Soviet rule in Azerbaijan, Karabakh division was transferred under command of the Red Army. Following the suppression of the 1920 Ganja revolt, Bolsheviks arrested many Azerbaijani officers including Nakhichevanski. He was kept in prison on Nargin island in Baku Bay but was released in two months to serve in administration of Red Commanders School. He then served as Commander of Azerbaijani Rifle Division from 1921 to 1931.[7]
On February 22, 1931 he was called to Red Army corps in Tbilisi where he was arrested and accused of treason and anti-Soviet espionage. On September 30, 1931 he was sentenced to death but Sergo Ordzhonikidze prevented the execution by taking the issue to Politburo where Joseph Stalin ordered to release Nakhichevanski provided that he wouldn't work and live in Caucasus.[8] Nakhichevanski was rehabilitated in the army and sent to Frunze Military Academy for further studies.[9] In 1933, he completed his studies and stayed at the academy to teach military tactics. On December 5, 1935 by the order of People's Commissar of Defense Kliment Voroshilov he was conferred the rank of Combrig.
During the 1937-1938 repressions, Nakhichevanski was arrested on May 20, 1938 and was charged with anti-Soviet activities and espionage on August 26, 1938 in Lefortovo prison. He was sentenced to death and confiscation of all personal property. Nakhichevanski was executed by firing squad. His body was transported and buried in Kommunarka, an NKVD burial site for repression victims, 26 km outside of Moscow.[10] On December 22, 1956 he was rehabilitated.[11]
In 2007, 112th anniversary of Jamshid Nakhichevanski was celebrated in Azerbaijan.[12] Streets in Baku and Nakhichevan as well as Jamshid Nakhichevanski Military Lyceum were named after Jamshid Khan Nakhichevanski. A house museum in Nakhichevan was also opened by Azerbaijani government.[13]